A(H1N1) Advisory for Patients and Caregivers

We have here two different advisory from the Singapore government for 2 different categories of people:

1. People who are suspected of having A(H1N1) or those diagnosed with it
2. People who are caring for those in the above group or may be in contact with them

If you fall into the first category, click here for the advisory.

If you fall into the second category, click here for the advisory.

The advisories are some common sense tips and suggestions on how to prevent the spread of the disease.

Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

Here is a list of risk factors for osteoporosis:

1. Female
2. Thin and/or Small Frame
3. Advanced Age
4. Family History of osteoporosis
5. Post menopause
6. Anorexia nervosa or bulimia
7. Diet low in calcium
8. Use of certain medications
9. Low testosterone levels (in men)
10. An inactive lifestyle
11. Cigarette smoking
12. Excessive use of alcohol
13. Being Asian or Caucasian

Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Guide

Target values for Diabetic control:

• Fasting Plasma Glucose = 6.0 mmol/L or less
• 2 Hour Post Prandial = 8.0 mmol/L or less
• HBA1c level = less than 6.5

NOTE: Diabetes is regarded as a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalent.

LDL-Cholesterol Reduction Guide

Step One: Count the number of risk factors

Major Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

• Cigarette smoking
• Hypertension (BP > 140/90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication)
• Low HDL-cholesterol < 1 mmol/L (<40mg/dL)
• Family history of premature CHD
  • CHD in male first-degree relative < 55 years
  • CHD in female first-degree relative < 65 years
• Age (men > 45 years; women > 55 years)

NOTE: Diabetes is regarded as a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalent.

Step Two: Determine appropriate LDL target

1. CHD or CHD risk equivalents
   • 10 year risk is 20%
   • LDL target level – less than 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)
2. Two or more Risk Factors
   • 10 year risk is < 20%
   • LDL target level – less than 3.4 mmol/L (130 mg/dL)
3. 0 – 1 Risk Factor
   • LDL target level – less than 4.1 mmol/L (160 mg/dL)

Step Three: Choose appropriate medication

• The medication of choice for LDL reduction is statin